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A. E. APPLBYARD' ELECTRICAL HEATER? Patented Oct. 4, 1892.

Wrr-N 55555' UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR E. APPLEYARD, OF BOSTQN, MSSAGHUSETTS.

ELECTRiGAl. HEATER..

SPIGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 483,759, dati'x October 4, 1892.

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To all whom it may concern.:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR E. APPLEYARD, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, and a resident of Boston, in the county of Suiolli and State 'of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Eiecf trical Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.-v

Tls invention has for its object to provide a simple and inexpensive means for electri.

cally heating water and thereby utilizing the well-known heat Aradiating and conducting properties which water` possesses.

The invention consists, first, in an electrical heating apparatus comprising a waterproof casing of metal or other suitable material, an electrical resistance inclosed in the casing and composed of a dat or ribbon-like strip of any suitable material adapted to serve as a resistance in an electric crcuit--such,

for example, as platinum wire-the ends of said resistance being suitably connected with the opposite poles of a dynamo or other source of electrical energy, so that the resistance will beheated by the passage of the electric current through it, and layers of insulating material interposed between the resistance and the inner surface of the casing, the sides of the strip being in contact with said insulating-layers, thewhole forming-astructure presenting large areas of external surface adapted to be heated electrically and adapted to be immersed in water for the purpose of heating the same.

The-invention also consists in certain incin dental improvements, all otwhich l' will now proceed to describe and claim.

Of .the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specication,Figure 1 represents a side elevation and partial section of an electrical heating apparatus embodying my in-' vention. Fig. 2 represents a sectional view of a water-receptacle containing a Lseries of said heating apparatuses. l Fig.,3 represents a section on line 33, Fig.1. Fig. 4 represents a sectional view ot a modied ,forca Fgr represents a perspective view of another form. Fig. 6 represents a section 'on line 6 Fig. 5.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all theiigures.

In carrying out my invention I make a water-tight cas ,which maybe of iron or other suitable mats and of any suitable form.

The casing shown in `Figs. 1, 2, and 3 is tuba-- lar and is composed of an inner tube a., having upon its external surface a coating b, of a suitable insulating materiahwhich is a com doctor of heat and is not liable to be enacted bythe heat to which it is subjected in the use ot the heater.. lAmineral enamel-#such as that used in coating metal vesselsris a suitable material for this purpose. Upon the exterior coating b l place anv electrical resistance, which is preferably a platinum wire c, wound upon the coating b in the form of a helix, the wire being of. ribbon form-that is to say, having an oblong form in crosssection. Upon the exterior of the resistance thus formed I place an enter metal tube d, having an insulating lining b', similar to the ooating b, the inner tube a and the outer tube d bein therefore separated by an annular space w ch is oc cupied bythe insviiatinfz-eoatings and therel sistance.

e e represent annuiar metal capawhich are applied te the ends of the tubes a d and are secured thereto in euch manner as to her metcallyl close the annular space between said tubes and prevent the admission of waier thermod The caps c c are preferably formed with iiauges c c', one bearing on the 'inner sniface'e the tube a and the other on the outer surface et the tube d. Through the endcaps e c extend tubes. f f, through which pass the condnetingmirss c' c', which connect the resistance with the circuit in which it is included, said wires being insulated from the tubes by suitable insulating material gr The tubesv f f are so connected to the caps e c as to prevent the admission of water at the jointe formed by the union of the. tubes with the caps:

In Fig. 2 l show aseries of heating devices such as above described placed in a water reservoir i, which is preferably an iron chainoer and is provided with means fot-'supporting the heating devices in its interior. I have here shown a horizontal shelf j secured to the interior of the reservoir i, said shelf having holes for the reception of the tubes d,said holes being of such sizes that the lower edges ci the caps at the upper ends of said tubes will rest upon the upper surfaces of 'thoshelt The tubes ff extend through the walls of thereservoirand are providedwith suitable packs 

